High-End Bus Rental Vancouver

High-End Bus Rental Vancouver

Bus line

Our buses are equipped with the latest safety technologies, including advanced GPS tracking, to monitor routes and ensure timely arrivals. Learn more about High-End Bus Rental Vancouver here You decide the pace, the places, and the people. They're there to answer your questions, assist with your luggage, and accommodate your travel needs to the best of their abilities. For those who prefer a personal touch, our dedicated customer service team is on standby.
Each vehicle is equipped with top-notch amenities to ensure your trip is as comfortable and enjoyable as possible. Learn more about Star Coach here. Start by visiting our user-friendly website, where you'll find a simple-to-use booking form. Furthermore, Star Coach's commitment to flexibility means you can adjust your plans as needed.
So, when it comes to transporting your most valuable asset – your people – you know you're in good hands. They've mastered the art of personal touch, customizing trips to meet your specific needs. What sets them apart is their responsiveness.
You'll find each bus equipped with state-of-the-art amenities designed to elevate your journey from the ordinary to the exceptional.

Affordable bus rental

  • Mini coach rental
  • Field trip bus
  • Bus leasing
  • Bus driver service
  • Vancouver region
  • British Columbia
  • Vancouver area
  • Licensed bus operators
  • Downtown bus rental
  • Team travel
  • Passenger bus rental
  • Festival shuttle
  • Minibus rental
  • Casino shuttle
  • Bus hire
A mini-fridge stocked with refreshments and gourmet snacks ensures you're well-fed and hydrated. Securing your luxury bus rental with Star Coach is a straightforward and hassle-free process.

They're ready to assist you with any changes or additional requests to ensure your trip is exactly how you envisioned it. Once you've decided on the perfect travel package, you won't have to jump through hoops to secure your reservation. Moreover, Star Coach's customer service is top-notch. Every seat feels like the best seat in the house, offering panoramic views of the city's stunning landscapes from the North Shore Mountains to the sparkling waters of English Bay. From tailored luxury experiences that cater to the high expectations of their clientele to a fleet quality that remains unmatched in the local market, Star Coach has redefined what it means to travel in style.

Bus transportation

  1. Festival shuttle
  2. Minibus rental
  3. Casino shuttle
  4. Bus hire
  5. Bus travel
  6. Motor coach rental
  7. Bus fleet
  8. Private bus rental
  9. Tour bus rental
  10. Charter vehicle
  11. Transport charter
  12. Event transportation
  13. Charter transportation
  14. Coach hire
  15. Convention transport
  16. Group transportation
  17. Sightseeing bus


This human touch transforms a simple ride into a pleasant travel experience. The journey on a Star Coach bus transforms into an integral part of the experience, as you traverse lush landscapes and historical sights. That's the hassle-free reality with these luxury coaches. Moreover, we understand that travel preferences vary.

Think champagne on ice, a red carpet service, and vehicles adorned with ribbons and flowers to match your wedding colors. Their dedicated team works closely with you to understand your specific requirements, offering personalized recommendations that elevate your travel experience.

Bus provider

  1. Field trip bus
  2. Bus leasing
  3. Bus driver service
  4. Vancouver region
  5. British Columbia
  6. Vancouver area
  7. Licensed bus operators
  8. Downtown bus rental
  9. Team travel
  10. Passenger bus rental
  11. Festival shuttle
  12. Minibus rental
  13. Casino shuttle
  14. Bus hire
  15. Bus travel
  16. Motor coach rental
  17. Bus fleet
  18. Private bus rental
  19. Tour bus rental
  20. Charter vehicle
As we explore what sets Star Coach apart, you'll discover how these luxury buses are not just for corporate clients but can enhance various occasions, offering a tailored travel experience that caters to your specific needs. Luxury transportation If you're organizing a tour, our buses ensure that everyone enjoys the journey as much as the destination, with amenities that make long trips feel short and sweet. Vancouver city

Picture yourself in a scenario where the driver isn't just a driver but a part of your journey, adding to the experience with their knowledge and courtesy. This level of personalized service, she mentioned, made her special day even more memorable. If you have any special requests or need advice on planning your itinerary, now's the time to ask. In Vancouver's competitive bus rental market, Star Coach's fleet quality truly is unmatched.

Vancouver Group Travel Solutions

Vancouver has hosted many international conferences and events, including the 1954 Commonwealth Games, UN Habitat I, Expo 86, APEC Canada 1997, the World Police and Fire Games in 1989 and 2009; several matches of 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup including the finals at BC Place in downtown Vancouver, and the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics which were held in Vancouver and Whistler, a resort community 125 km (78 mi) north of the city. In 1969, Greenpeace was founded in Vancouver. The city became the permanent home to TED conferences in 2014.

Citations and other links

Luxury Coach Hire Vancouver

You'll find our team readily available to assist you, whether it's a question about your booking, a special request for your trip, or assistance while you're on the road. Each vehicle is meticulously maintained and features state-of-the-art amenities to ensure your journey is as comfortable as it's memorable. Now, let's explore the variety and sophistication of the fleet that sets Star Coach apart in luxury travel. Understanding the importance of environmental preservation, Star Coach Bus Rentals offers eco-friendly transportation options to lessen their carbon footprint in Vancouver. Bus rental for tours

Many have shared their exceptional experiences with Star Coach's bus rental services in Vancouver, highlighting the company's commitment to excellence and customer satisfaction. You'll find yourself at the iconic Stanley Park, breathing in the fresh Pacific air while gazing out at the majestic Totem Poles, a testament to the rich indigenous cultures of the region. They're actively working to make every aspect of their operation greener, from digital ticketing to minimize paper waste to implementing energy-efficient lighting in their offices.

And with Star Coach, flexibility is at the forefront. At Star Coach, your safety isn't just a priority; it's embedded in every aspect of their luxury bus rental service, ensuring a secure and worry-free journey from the moment you step aboard. Whether you're planning a corporate event, a school outing, or a luxurious tour around Vancouver's stunning landscapes, we've got you covered.

Vancouver city

  • Executive bus charter
  • Affordable bus rental
  • Tour transportation
  • Bus rental for tours
  • Metro Vancouver
  • Luxury transportation
  • Comfortable bus rental
  • Bus charter
  • Mini coach rental
  • Field trip bus
  • Bus leasing
  • Bus driver service
  • Vancouver region
  • British Columbia
  • Vancouver area
  • Licensed bus operators


Plus, the professional drivers aren't only skilled at navigating the city's streets but also committed to your safety and well-being. It's not just about getting from point A to B; it's about making a statement, ensuring your event starts and ends on a high note. Whether you're planning a corporate retreat, a wedding, or a school outing, they've got you covered.

Luxury Coach Hire Vancouver
Vancouver Private Coach Service

Vancouver Private Coach Service

Star Coach's fleet includes vehicles that can accommodate anywhere from a small group of 10 to a large assembly of 50 or more passengers.

Vancouver city

  1. Affordable bus rental
  2. Tour transportation
  3. Bus rental for tours
  4. Metro Vancouver
  5. Luxury transportation
  6. Comfortable bus rental
  7. Bus charter
  8. Mini coach rental
  9. Field trip bus
  10. Bus leasing
  11. Bus driver service
  12. Vancouver region
  13. British Columbia
  14. Vancouver area
  15. Licensed bus operators
  16. Downtown bus rental
  17. Team travel
  18. Passenger bus rental
It's all about making sure your travel is as seamless and enjoyable as possible. Stick with us to uncover the layers of excellence that have clients singing their praises and why exploring Vancouver with Star Coach might just be the upgrade your travel plans need. Corporate bus rental It's a win-win for you and the planet.

They can do that. Stay with us to uncover the secrets behind their success and how you can elevate your next group travel experience to first-class status. Whether you're dealing with last-minute changes or have special requests, they work tirelessly to ensure your satisfaction.

High-speed Wi-Fi keeps you connected, whether you're catching up on work or streaming your favorite show. You'll appreciate knowing that every trip you take contributes to a greener planet. Personal charging stations ensure your devices are always powered up, so you never miss out.

That's why we offer options ranging from basic transportation services to comprehensive travel packages that include guided tours and scheduled stops at Vancouver's must-see attractions. They've taken significant steps to minimize emissions and waste, making a noticeable impact on the environment. Plus, each seat comes equipped with its own power outlet and free Wi-Fi, so you can stay connected and charged up throughout your trip.

Vancouver Shuttle Services

From the moment you book until you reach your destination, Star Coach's experienced drivers and staff are committed to providing a level of service that goes beyond just transportation. Fancy a mobile conference room equipped with high-speed Wi-Fi and leather seating for your business meetings on the go? In short, Star Coach's dedication to exceptional customer service isn't just about meeting expectations; it's about exceeding them, ensuring that every aspect of your luxury bus rental experience in Vancouver is nothing short of spectacular. Inside, you're treated to an interior that's just as impressive.

Your safety isn't just our priority; it's our promise. These aren't your typical gas-guzzlers; they're modern vehicles powered by alternative fuels and advanced systems that significantly reduce emissions. Metro Vancouver They praised Star Coach for its punctuality, professionalism, and the exceptional condition of the buses, noting how the seamless transportation contributed significantly to the event's success.

Your Vancouver experience is enhanced not only by the destinations but by the journey itself. However, Star Coach differentiates itself through a blend of unmatched luxury fleet options, tailored travel experiences, and exceptional customer service that genuinely stands apart. Real-time tracking allows you to keep an eye on your route, and flexible scheduling means last-minute changes won't disrupt your plans.

That's the reality with Star Coach's fleet. This isn't just about getting from point A to B; it's about making every moment of your wedding day memorable. By choosing us for your travel needs, you're selecting a service that places your well-being at the forefront of everything we do. Bus transportation

Vancouver Shuttle Services
Luxury Limousine Coach Vancouver
Luxury Limousine Coach Vancouver

The seats themselves are more than just a place to sit; they're plush retreats that let you relax, work, or socialize in total comfort. Whether you're organizing a corporate event, a wedding, or a group tour around Vancouver, Star Coach ensures your journey is seamless from start to finish. Our buses aren't just about luxury; they're about creating the right impression and setting the tone for your event. Choosing Star Coach means you're not just getting from point A to point B; you're making the journey part of your love story.

Metro Vancouver

  1. Senior group travel
  2. Community bus service
  3. Group tour bus
  4. Vancouver
  5. Crew shuttle
  6. Greater Vancouver
  7. Sport team transportation
  8. Event shuttles
  9. Transport services
  10. Bus for hire
  11. Bus services
  12. Hourly bus rental
  13. Shuttle service
  14. Downtown Vancouver
  15. Safe bus rental
  16. Bus packages
  17. Bus excursion
  18. Private group transport
  19. Charter shuttle service


Our fleet is equipped with the latest safety features, including advanced braking systems, stability control, and tire pressure monitoring to handle the city's diverse terrain and weather conditions seamlessly. That's why they've introduced a variety of packages that cater to different budgets and requirements. Hearing directly from satisfied customers offers invaluable insight into Star Coach's exceptional service and reliability.

You won't have to worry about the logistics of getting your guests from point A to point B; they'll handle it all with professionalism and care. Stick around, and you'll discover how their legacy, combined with an unwavering commitment to excellence, has not only captured but retained the attention and loyalty of a discerning customer base. You'll appreciate the clarity of information available on their platform.

From scenic drives through the Canadian Rockies to exploring Vancouver's vibrant city life, you have the power to create the perfect trip. In essence, we're committed to providing you with an elite travel experience that's both affordable and exceptional. They actively work on reducing waste and promoting recycling within their operations.

Lower Mainland BC
First-Class Group Transportation Vancouver

Next, you'll input your trip details. Understanding that every group has unique needs, Star Coach offers customizable packages to tailor your luxury bus rental experience in Vancouver.

Executive bus charter

  1. Transport charter
  2. Event transportation
  3. Charter transportation
  4. Coach hire
  5. Convention transport
  6. Group transportation
  7. Sightseeing bus
  8. Senior group travel
  9. Community bus service
  10. Group tour bus
  11. Vancouver
  12. Crew shuttle
  13. Greater Vancouver
  14. Sport team transportation
  15. Event shuttles
  16. Transport services
  17. Bus for hire
  18. Bus services
  19. Hourly bus rental
When you book with Star Coach, you're not just renting a bus; you're securing a stress-free experience. Whether it's a corporate retreat, a sports team outing, or a family reunion, luxury bus rentals transform the mundane into the extraordinary. And, with complimentary snacks and beverages served by attentive crew members, you'll feel well taken care of from start to finish.
Star Coach's commitment to sustainability doesn't stop at their vehicles. They're committed to maintaining the highest safety standards, keeping you safe and secure, no matter the destination. When it comes to choosing a luxury bus rental in Vancouver, why does Star Coach consistently outshine the competition? Star Coach doesn't stop at their vehicles. Explore High-End Bus Rental Vancouver here
With Star Coach, you're not just renting a bus; you're crafting an experience. While enjoying the luxury and freedom of bus travel in Vancouver, you also have the option to tailor your journey with customizable travel packages. This means you don't have to worry about the logistics; instead, you can focus on what you do best. Their vehicles are meticulously maintained and serviced, ensuring safety alongside luxury. Read more about High-End Bus Rental Vancouver here
Star Coach's move to include Luxury Prevost H3-45 coaches in their fleet isn't just about offering top-tier comfort and style; it's a nod towards sustainability. You're not just getting a ride; you're stepping into a meticulously maintained vehicle that promises both comfort and style. And for those who prefer quiet time, noise-canceling headphones are provided to help you find your peace.

Bus line

  1. Bus line
  2. Bus provider
  3. Bus transportation
  4. Corporate bus rental
  5. Long-distance bus
  6. Vancouver city
  7. Lower Mainland BC
  8. Executive bus charter
  9. Affordable bus rental
  10. Tour transportation
  11. Bus rental for tours
  12. Metro Vancouver
  13. Luxury transportation
  14. Comfortable bus rental
  15. Bus charter
For those longer journeys, onboard restrooms offer convenience and comfort, eliminating unnecessary stops along the way.

First-Class Group Transportation Vancouver
1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

[edit]

The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

[edit]
Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

[edit]

A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

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The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

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Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

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The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

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Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

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A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
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  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

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